Best Pizza Dough for Wood Fired Ovens: Top 10 Picks

Achieving that perfect Neapolitan-style crust in a wood-fired oven hinges on the foundational element: the dough. The best pizza dough for wood fired oven applications demands specific formulations to withstand intense heat, achieve optimal charring, and deliver that irresistible chew.

Exploring various dough types, from classic sourdough to modern high-hydration mixes, is essential for wood-fired enthusiasts. Understanding these nuances will transform your homemade pizzas from good to extraordinary.

Dive in to uncover the top contenders for the best pizza dough for wood fired ovens and unlock the secrets to artisanal pizza perfection.

Wood-Fired Perfection: Our Top Dough Picks

Image	Product	Price
Best Pick 1	King Arthur 00 Pizza Flour, Non-GMO Project Verified, 100% American	Check Price
Best Pick 2	Ooni New York Style Pizza Dough Mix 25 oz (725g)	Check Price
Best Pick 3	King Arthur, Pizza Seasoning, Made in USA, Certified Kosher, 3	Check Price
Best Pick 4	King Arthur Pizza Dough Flavor 4 Oz	Check Price
Best Pick 5	Gozney Just-Add-Water Neapolitan Pizza Dough Mix for Authentic Italian Pizzas	Check Price

1. King Arthur 00 Pizza Flour, Non-GMO Project Verified, 100% American

Unlock authentic Italian pizzeria perfection at home with King Arthur 00 Pizza Flour. This meticulously milled, non-GMO flour is your secret ingredient for achieving that coveted Neapolitan-style pizza crust, complete with beautiful leopard spotting and an incredibly light texture. Elevate your homemade pizzas to extraordinary with this specialty bake essential.

Elevate your homemade pizzas to extraordinary with this specialty bake essential.

Expertly crafted from a precise blend of 100% American-grown hard and soft wheat, King Arthur’s ’00’ pizza flour meets exacting standards for a remarkably fine texture. This premium blend is ideal for creating the quintessential chewy, yet airy, pizza dough that’s the foundation of classic Italian pizzas.

Its versatility extends beyond pizza, making it a top choice for homemade pasta and other delicate Italian baked goods.

Pros

• Achieve genuine Neapolitan pizza results with its ultra-fine milling, perfect for creating authentic leopard spotting and a delicate crumb structure ideal for wood-fired ovens or home ovens set to high temperatures.
• Crafted from a proprietary blend of 100% American-grown wheat, offering a superior balance of strength and tenderness crucial for pliable, easily workable 00 pizza dough.
• Beyond pizza, this versatile 00 flour excels in making fresh homemade pasta, focaccia, and other artisanal Italian baked goods, providing a smooth texture and superior crumb.
• Enjoy peace of mind with Non-GMO Project Verified status, ensuring a pure and high-quality ingredient for your baking endeavors.

Cons

• While excellent for high-heat baking like wood-fired pizza, experienced bakers might find it requires a slightly different hydration level or kneading technique compared to all-purpose flour for optimal results.

For home cooks yearning for authentic Italian pizza, King Arthur 00 Pizza Flour is an unparalleled choice, delivering professional-level crusts with ease. If you’re seeking the best pizza dough ingredients to replicate pizzeria quality, this specialty flour is designed to impress and inspire your culinary creations.

2. Ooni New York Style Pizza Dough Mix 25 oz (725g)

Unlock authentic Neapolitan and New York-style pizza perfection right in your kitchen with the Ooni New York Style Pizza Dough Mix. Designed for home cooks seeking exceptional flavor and texture, this convenient mix transforms simple ingredients into delicious pizza bases perfect for your wood fired oven.

Crafted by pizza experts, this 25 oz (725g) box delivers all the essential dry ingredients needed to create four 12 pizza bases. With a quick proving time of just three hours, it’s ideal for spontaneous pizza nights. Simply add water and follow the easy six-step guide for a consistently delightful pizza crust experience.

Simply add water and follow the easy six-step guide for a consistently delightful pizza crust experience.

Pros

• Makes four soft, thin 12″ Neapolitan-style pizza bases, perfect for home baking and impressing guests.
• Achieve authentic pizza dough ready in as little as three hours, ideal for quick weeknight meals or last-minute entertaining.
• Expertly formulated mix saves you time and effort in sourcing and measuring premium ingredients for your pizza making.
• Versatile enough to cater to both Neapolitan and New York style pizza dough preferences with a simple water addition.

Cons

• Requires the user to add water and potentially other toppings, meaning it’s not a fully “ready-to-bake” product straight from the box.

This Ooni pizza dough mix is the ultimate convenience for crafting restaurant-quality homemade pizza. It’s the ideal shortcut for achieving that sought-after chewy crust and perfect bake, especially when paired with a wood fired pizza oven.

Elevate your pizza night with minimal fuss and maximum flavor.

3. King Arthur, Pizza Seasoning, Made in USA, Certified Kosher, 3

Elevate your homemade pizzas from ordinary to extraordinary with King Arthur Pizza Seasoning. This expertly crafted blend delivers an authentic Italian-inspired flavor with an irresistible spicy kick, transforming every slice into a culinary masterpiece.

This 3-ounce bottle of King Arthur Pizza Seasoning offers a vibrant mix of onion, garlic, basil, oregano, red pepper flakes, and salt, providing a complex flavor profile that enhances any pizza. As a Certified Kosher product and a creation of the 100% employee-owned King Arthur Baking Company, it guarantees quality and a commitment to baking joy.

Pros

• Authentic Flavor Profile: Offers a richer, spicier alternative to standard Italian seasonings, perfect for pizza lovers seeking an extra layer of taste.
• Versatile Application: Ideal for sprinkling on homemade pizzas, calzones, garlic bread, or even as a general Italian seasoning substitute for a delightful zest.
• High-Quality Ingredients: Crafted with carefully selected herbs and spices, ensuring a fresh and potent flavor experience with every use.
• Trusted Brand: From King Arthur Baking Company, a reputable name synonymous with quality baking ingredients and a purveyor of exceptional pizza blends.
• Convenient Size: The 3-ounce bottle is perfectly sized for home kitchens, offering ample seasoning for numerous pizza nights without taking up excessive space.

Cons

• Spicy Kick: The red pepper flakes, while adding a desirable kick for many, might be too intense for those sensitive to heat.

For those dreaming of the best pizza dough for wood fired oven, King Arthur Pizza Seasoning is the ultimate culinary companion. It complements your expertly crafted crust and toppings, adding that essential wow factor that distinguishes a great pizza. Add this essential spice blend to your pantry for consistently delicious, next-level pizza experiences.

Add this essential spice blend to your pantry for consistently delicious, next-level pizza experiences.

4. King Arthur Pizza Dough Flavor 4 Oz

Elevate your homemade pizza from ordinary to extraordinary with King Arthur Pizza Dough Flavor! This convenient seasoning blend is expertly crafted to infuse your dough with delicious notes of cheese and garlic, transforming your pizza nights into authentic Italian feasts right from your oven.

This 4 oz container of King Arthur Pizza Dough Flavor, made with real cheese powder and garlic, offers a simple yet impactful way to enhance the taste of your pizza bases. Beyond dough, it’s a versatile seasoning for breadsticks, biscuits, and other baked goods, bringing an Italian cuisine flair to your kitchen.

Pros

• Exceptional Flavor Infusion: Expertly combines cheese powder and garlic for a savory depth that perfectly complements pizza dough, making it ideal for wood-fired oven creations where flavor is key.
• Versatile Culinary Application: Extends beyond pizza dough, enhancing homemade bread, flavorful breadsticks, and even rustic biscuits with its delightful taste profile.
• Convenient and Easy to Use: Simplifies the process of adding complex flavors to your baking, allowing for quick and consistent results, especially when aiming for that perfect pizza crust flavor.
• Kosher Certified: Meets specific dietary needs, ensuring broad usability for a variety of households and culinary preferences.

Cons

• Size Limitation: The 4 oz size might be consumed quickly by avid bakers or those frequently making large batches of dough, potentially requiring repurchase sooner than expected for heavy users.

For aspiring pizzaiolos and home bakers seeking to impart a genuine Italian flavor into their creations, King Arthur Pizza Dough Flavor is an invaluable spice blend. It’s the secret ingredient for achieving that sought-after savory crust, making it a must-have for anyone who loves artisanal pizza.

5. Gozney Just-Add-Water Neapolitan Pizza Dough Mix for Authentic Italian Pizzas

Unlock the secret to incredible homemade pizza with the Gozney Just-Add-Water Neapolitan Pizza Dough Mix. Achieve that coveted soft, chewy crust and delightful airy texture characteristic of authentic Italian pizzas, transforming your kitchen into a pizzeria with unparalleled ease.

Crafting authentic Neapolitan pizza at home has never been simpler. This carefully formulated baking mix requires just the addition of water, eliminating the need for cumbersome ingredient measuring.

Whether you’re using a high-heat wood-fired oven, a standard home oven, or a pizza stone, the results are consistently superb, delivering a truly restaurant-quality pizza crust.

Pros

• Effortless Preparation: The “just add water” simplicity means no complex recipes or multiple ingredients to hunt down, making pizza night stress-free and accessible for beginners.
• Authentic Neapolitan Texture: Designed to replicate the signature soft, chewy, and airy crust of true Neapolitan pizza, elevated by the high heat of pizza ovens.
• Versatile Baking: Performs exceptionally well in a variety of cooking environments, from specialized wood-fired pizza ovens to conventional home ovens, ensuring authentic results for all users.
• Excellent Dough Handling: Creates a dough that stretches beautifully and bakes to perfection, ideal for various flatbreads and pizza styles beyond just Neapolitan.

Cons

• Flavor Profile Specificity: Primarily formulated for Neapolitan-style pizza; users might desire a different flavor profile or texture for other pizza varieties.

For anyone craving the authentic taste and texture of Neapolitan pizza without the typical dough-making hassle, this Gozney pizza dough mix is an exceptional choice. It’s the perfect baking essential for creating memorable pizza nights, delivering delicious, artisan-style pizzas right from your own oven. Explore the Gozney ecosystem for complementary pizza oven solutions.

6. Antimo Caputo Pizzeria Flour Blue, 11 Pound (5Kg) Bag –

Unlock the secrets to authentic Neapolitan pizza with Antimo Caputo Pizzeria Flour Blue. Crafted for high-temperature baking, this professional-grade flour is the ultimate ingredient for achieving that perfect, airy crust and rich flavor demanded by true pizza aficionados worldwide. Elevate your homemade pizzas to a new level of perfection.

Elevate your homemade pizzas to a new level of perfection.

Sourced from Italy’s finest wheat, this 100% pure wheat flour is engineered for extended fermentation, yielding an elastic and resistant dough. Its carefully balanced protein content and blend with Farina Manitoba contribute to exceptional strength, ensuring a soft, flavorful crust with delightful charring and bubbles in the cornicione, especially when baked in wood-fired ovens exceeding 700°F, or other high-heat culinary setups. For home ovens below 500°F, a different flour blend is recommended.

Pros

• Authentic Italian Neapolitan Pizza Dough: Specifically formulated for high-heat baking, this flour creates the classic, airy crust with characteristic cornicione bubbles, perfect for wood-fired oven pizzas.
• Superior Dough Performance: Features elastic and resistant gluten for long fermentation, resulting in a dough that is easy to handle and bakes beautifully, providing a soft yet flavorful pizza base.
• Professional Quality for Home Use: Trusted by “maestri pizzaioli” (master pizza makers), this Italian flour brings professional-grade results to your kitchen, ensuring an authentic taste and texture.

Cons

• High-Heat Specific: This flour is optimized for temperatures above 700°F and may not yield ideal results in standard home ovens operating below 500°F; the manufacturer suggests a specific alternative for lower temperatures.

For those seeking the ultimate in wood-fired pizza perfection, Antimo Caputo Pizzeria Flour Blue is an unparalleled choice. Its meticulous formulation guarantees that signature Neapolitan texture and taste, transforming any high-heat oven into a portal to authentic Italian pizzerias. Experience the difference that true pizza flour makes.

7. King Arthur Keto Pizza Crust Mix: Low Carb Delight with

Craving delicious, pizzeria-style pizza without the carb overload? Discover the King Arthur Keto Pizza Crust Mix, your shortcut to a satisfying, low-carb Italian meal.

This convenient 25 oz package delivers an easy-to-prepare pizza crust mix, yielding two 12-inch crusts with just 1 gram of net carbs per serving. Crafted with quality ingredients by a trusted baking institution, it’s designed for low-carb dieters and anyone seeking a healthier pizza alternative.

Pros

• Keto Compliance: Enjoy a delightful pizza crust with only 1g net carbs per serving, making it an excellent choice for keto diets, low-carb eating plans, and managing carbohydrate intake without sacrificing taste.
• Convenient Preparation: The straightforward recipe on the box allows for effortless creation of crisp yet chewy pizza dough, perfect for busy weeknights or entertaining guests who follow a low carb lifestyle.
• Versatile Yield: Each mix produces two 12-inch crusts, providing flexibility for single meals, family gatherings, or experimenting with diverse pizza toppings and gluten-free baking alternatives.
• Premium Baking Standards: As a product from King Arthur Baking Company, a name synonymous with quality since 1790, expect superior ingredients and consistent results for your homemade keto pizza creations.

Cons

• Contains common allergens such as wheat, gluten, milk, and barley, which may not be suitable for individuals with specific dietary restrictions beyond keto or low-carb needs.

For those adhering to a ketogenic or low-carbohydrate eating plan, the King Arthur Keto Pizza Crust Mix offers a straightforward and delicious solution to enjoy homemade pizza. It’s a fantastic way to satisfy pizza cravings while staying committed to your dietary goals with a reliable, well-loved baking brand.

8. Urban Slicer Pizza Worx, Make-At-Home Pizza Dough Mix, Neapolitan-Style, Classic

Unlock the secret to authentic, pizzeria-quality Neapolitan pizza in your own kitchen with Urban Slicer Pizza Worx. This premium dough mix is expertly crafted to deliver that signature light, airy crust with a perfectly chewy edge, making it the ideal foundation for your wood-fired oven creations.

Designed for home pizza enthusiasts, Urban Slicer’s Neapolitan Style Pizza Dough Mix simplifies the process of achieving an authentic taste and texture. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced pizzaiolo, this blend ensures exceptional results, transforming your oven into a personal pizza haven for unforgettable family dinners and gatherings.

Pros

• Achieve unrivaled flavor and texture with a finely tuned blend of flours and yeast for that traditional, pillowy Neapolitan crust, perfect for high-heat cooking in a wood fired pizza oven.
• Effortlessly create pizzeria-quality dough at home, rivaling restaurant standards, whether using a dedicated pizza oven, baking steel, or stone for superior crispness.
• Each 3-bag pack yields six 14″ crusts, offering a fun and easy culinary activity for the whole family to enjoy premium, homemade pizza anytime.
• Versatile enough for any topping, this mix provides a delicious, artisan-quality base for classic Margherita or creative dessert pizzas, ensuring a delightful experience.
• Simple to prepare: just add water, mix, let rise, and bake to enjoy fresh, delicious pizzas, making professional-grade results accessible to everyone.

Cons

• While convenient, some users might prefer the complete control of making dough entirely from scratch, including measuring individual ingredients.

For those seeking the best pizza dough experience for their wood-fired oven, Urban Slicer Pizza Worx offers an unparalleled blend of authenticity and ease. Elevate your home pizza nights from ordinary to extraordinary with this classic Neapolitan-style mix.

9. Urban Slicer Pizza Worx, Outdoor Grilling Pizza Dough Mix, Make-At-Home

Transform your backyard into a pizzeria with the Urban Slicer Pizza Worx Outdoor Grilling Dough Mix. Experience authentic wood-fired flavor and an irresistibly crispy crust without the fuss, making homemade pizza an enjoyable family activity and a staple for your next BBQ.

This convenient mix, designed specifically for outdoor cooking, blends premium flours and active yeast to create pizzeria-quality artisan crusts. Simply add water to achieve thin, crispy bases perfect for grilling, smokers, or pizza stones, delivering a taste that rivals professional wood-fired ovens.

Pros

• Authentic Wood-Fired Flavor: Expertly crafted flour and yeast blend delivers that sought-after smoky, crispy crust characteristic of the best pizza dough for wood fired oven cooking.
• Effortless Preparation: Just add water and mix to create two 14-inch dough balls, making gourmet homemade pizza accessible for any home cook or pizza enthusiast.
• Versatile Outdoor Cooking: Ideal for grills, smokers, and pizza stones, this mix is engineered to perform outdoors, ensuring a perfect bake every time for your outdoor pizza creations.
• Fun Family Activity: Making fresh pizza at home becomes an engaging and delicious experience for the whole family, fostering creativity with various toppings.

Cons

• Requires Outdoor Heat Source: While designed for grilling, success is dependent on having a suitable outdoor cooking appliance like a grill or smoker to achieve optimal results.

For those seeking the best pizza dough for wood fired oven results in their own backyard, Urban Slicer Pizza Worx offers a simple yet superior solution. It’s the perfect way to enjoy premium, artisan pizza night after night, enhancing your outdoor culinary repertoire.

10. Antimo Caputo Chefs Flour 2.2 LB (Pack of 2) –

Elevate your home baking with Antimo Caputo Chef’s Flour, the Italian tradition in every bag. This premium 100% wheat flour, a staple for discerning bakers, is your secret ingredient for achieving authentic Neapolitan pizza crusts and artisanal breads with unparalleled texture and flavor.

This pack includes two 2 lb bags of Antimo Caputo Chef’s Flour, totaling 4 lbs.

Crafted from the finest selected grains, this flour boasts strong, elastic gluten ideal for long fermentation baking. It’s perfect for home ovens up to 500°F, facilitating optimal water absorption for superior yield and authentic results in pizzas, gourmet breads, cakes, and pastas, all without any additives.

Pros

• Achieve a soft, flavorful crust with characteristic bubbles in the cornicione, creating an authentic Neapolitan pizza experience.
• Its high-quality, natural wheat composition with strong, elastic gluten is perfect for long fermentation dough, yielding superior texture in artisanal breads and baked goods.
• Milled slowly and finely, this flour ensures optimal water absorption for a better dough consistency and excellent bakeability in home ovens up to 500°F.

Cons

• The 2.2 lb pack size may require frequent reordering for avid bakers who use large quantities regularly.

For those seeking the finest flour for authentic Italian baking, Antimo Caputo Chef’s Flour is an exceptional choice. Its carefully selected grains and traditional milling process deliver consistent, high-quality results, making it ideal for creating everything from the best wood fired pizza dough at home to delicate pastries.

Best Pizza Dough for Wood Fired Oven: Your Guide

Dough hydration and texture for high heat

The interplay between dough hydration and its resulting texture is paramount for achieving authentic Neapolitan-style pizzas, especially when cooked in ultra-hot environments.

Understanding optimal water-to-flour ratios is not merely a technical detail; it dictates the fundamental characteristics of your pizza base. Higher hydration levels, typically ranging from 60% to 75%, are engineered to create a dynamic contrast between the exterior and interior during intense heat exposure.

This elevated moisture content is the secret ingredient for that coveted crisp crust, producing a delightful leopard spotting and airy pockets. Concurrently, it ensures a tender, almost cloud-like interior crumb that doesn’t become dry or cracker-like, even after its brief but scorching journey.

A well-formulated dough will blister beautifully and retain a luxurious chew, rather than shriveling or burning. This balance is crucial for any pizza crafted in a searingly hot oven.

Flour type and protein content

The foundation of exceptional pizza dough lies in the type of flour used and its protein composition, directly influencing texture and performance in high-heat environments.

For authentic Neapolitan-style pizzas, the finely milled ’00’ flour is paramount. Its low protein content and delicate grind create a tender, airy crust that blisters beautifully and remains soft in the center, ideal for the rapid cooking of a wood-fired oven.

Conversely, employing bread flour, with its higher protein levels, will yield a chewier, more structured dough. This enhanced gluten development provides a satisfying bite and a robust foundation, capable of holding up to substantial toppings, making it a versatile choice for various pizza styles.

If neither of these specialized flours is readily available, all-purpose flour can still produce a respectable dough. While it may not achieve the same level of delicate tenderness as ’00’ or the pronounced chew of bread flour, its balanced protein content offers a middle ground, resulting in a crust that is generally pliable and adaptable to the intense heat, ensuring a delicious outcome for home cooks.

Fermentation and flavor development

A truly exceptional pizza dough destined for the intense heat of a wood-fired oven is a testament to meticulous fermentation and skillful flavor development.

This process is paramount because it dictates the resulting crust’s texture, aroma, and chew, transforming a simple base into a culinary masterpiece. Expertly crafted dough often benefits from long, cold fermentation techniques, allowing complex flavors to build slowly over 24-72 hours. This patient approach encourages a deeper, more nuanced taste than quick rises, resulting in a crust with a delightful tang.

The choice of yeast, whether it’s a fast-acting commercial strain for a rapid rise and subtly sweet notes, or a wild sourdough starter for a pronounced sour character and robust structure, significantly influences the final profile. Furthermore, proper dough development, achieved through adequate kneading and resting periods, is essential for creating a network of gluten that traps gases efficiently.

This, in turn, is crucial for achieving a dramatic oven spring—the rapid puffing of the crust upon hitting the searing heat of the wood-fired oven, yielding that characteristic airy interior and crisp exterior so coveted for authentic Neapolitan-style pizzas.

Additives and enhancements for wood fired ovens

Dough composition plays a pivotal role in achieving that coveted wood-fired oven crust.

The ingredients you add, even in small quantities, significantly influence the texture, flavor, and browning characteristics of your pizza base, directly impacting the final result from your pizza oven.

To enhance crust crispness and color, consider incorporating a small amount of olive oil; its fats help promote browning and contribute to a desirable mouthfeel. Salt is not merely for taste; it’s essential for developing dough structure and controlling fermentation, ensuring a more robust and flavorful foundation.

Quick Best Pizza Dough For Wood Fired Oven Buying Checklist

• Dough Type: Look for dough specifically labeled for high-heat or wood-fired ovens, often a Neapolitan-style option.
• Hydration Level: Aim for dough with a hydration level between 60-70% for optimal crispness and chew in a wood-fired oven.
• Flour Type: Prioritize dough made with “00” flour or a high-protein bread flour for the best structure and texture.
• Fermentation Time: Longer fermentation (24-72 hours) usually results in more complex flavor and a lighter, airier crust.
• Freshness: Opt for fresh or properly frozen dough from reputable bakeries or suppliers to ensure quality.
• Ingredients: Check for simple ingredients: flour, water, salt, and yeast. Avoid dough with excessive additives or preservatives.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Type Of Flour Is Best For Pizza Dough In A Wood-Fired Oven?

For a wood-fired oven, a high-protein “00” flour is ideal because its fine texture and gluten content create a tender yet chewy crust with excellent leoparding. Alternatively, bread flour with a protein content of around 12-14% will also yield a fantastic, crisp crust that holds up to high heat.

How Long Does Pizza Dough For A Wood-Fired Oven Typically Need To Ferment?

For best results with wood-fired pizza dough, aim for a fermentation period of at least 8 to 24 hours. This extended ferment allows for greater flavor development and a more tender crust. You can achieve this by refrigerating the dough after its initial rise, letting it slowly ferment over several days if needed.

Can I Use Store-Bought Pizza Dough In A Wood-Fired Oven, Or Is Homemade Better?

Store-bought pizza dough can work well in a wood-fired oven with a few adjustments, but homemade often yields superior results. For store-bought, ensure it’s at room temperature and consider a brief rest after stretching to improve texture. Homemade dough provides greater control over ingredients and fermentation, which is ideal for achieving that signature crisp and chewy crust characteristic of wood-fired cooking.

What Are The Key Differences In Hydration Levels For Wood-Fired Pizza Dough Compared To Regular Pizza Dough?

Wood-fired pizza dough typically requires a slightly higher hydration level, often in the 65-70% range, to achieve its characteristic airy crumb and crisp crust when baked at intense temperatures. This higher moisture content helps prevent the dough from drying out too quickly in the extreme heat of a wood-fired oven, allowing for proper oven spring and a tender interior. Regular pizza dough, baked in a less intense oven, is often made with hydration between 55-65% to manage its structure and texture in more moderate baking conditions.

How Should I Store And Handle Prepared Pizza Dough Before Baking It In A Wood-Fired Oven?

Allow your prepared pizza dough to come to room temperature for at least 30 minutes to an hour before baking. This makes it more pliable and easier to stretch, ensuring a better crust from your wood-fired oven. Lightly flour your hands and work surface during this tempering period and when shaping.

Final Words

Crafting the perfect, blistered crust in your wood-fired oven begins with selecting the right best pizza dough. This foundational element unlocks unparalleled flavor and texture, transforming homemade pies into restaurant-quality delights.

Embrace the art of authentic pizza making and elevate your gatherings with dough that promises smoky char and airy chew, every single time.