Best Pressure Washers for Block Paving: Top 10 Picks

Achieving pristine block paving requires specialized cleaning equipment. Selecting the best pressure washer for block paving is crucial for tackling stubborn grime, oil stains, and moss without damaging the surface. Understanding the nuances of PSI (pounds per square inch) and GPM (gallons per minute) is key to effective cleaning.

Understanding the nuances of PSI (pounds per square inch) and GPM (gallons per minute) is key to effective cleaning. This guide delves into the top-rated models designed for precisely this task, offering powerful yet controlled water jets. Whether you’re a homeowner seeking to revitalize your patio or a professional detailing a driveway, finding the best pressure washer for block paving ensures optimal performance and longevity for your investment.

Continue reading to uncover the ultimate solutions for your outdoor cleaning needs.

Sparkling Driveways: Top Picks Compared!

Image	Product	Price
Best Pick 1	Westinghouse ePX3500 Electric Pressure Washer, 2500 Max PSI 1.76 Max	Check Price
Best Pick 2	Westinghouse ePX3100v Electric Pressure Washer, 2100 Max PSI 1.76 Max	Check Price
Best Pick 3	Westinghouse WPX3000e Electric Pressure Washer, 3000 Max PSI and 1.76	Check Price
Best Pick 4	14″ Pressure Washer Surface Cleaner with 4 Wheels – Stainless	Check Price
Best Pick 5	Sun Joe Pressure Washer, Electric Power Washer, Heavy-Duty 2500 Max	Check Price

1. Westinghouse ePX3500 Electric Pressure Washer, 2500 Max PSI 1.76 Max

Effortlessly restore the curb appeal of your home with the Westinghouse ePX3500 Electric Pressure Washer. Experience superior cleaning power for tough jobs like cleaning block paving, driveways, and decks, all from a compact and impressively portable unit.

This powerful electric washer delivers a formidable 2500 max PSI and 76 max GPM, transforming dirty surfaces into pristine areas. Its lightweight design, anti-tipping technology, and array of quick-connect nozzles make it an ideal solution for maintaining outdoor living spaces and various household surfaces.

Pros

• Exceptional Cleaning Performance: Unleash up to 2500 PSI and 1.76 GPM for efficient removal of dirt, grime, moss, and stains from hard surfaces like block paving, patios, concrete driveways, and decks.
• Unmatched Portability & Stability: Weighing just 19 pounds and featuring a compact 16.5-inch height with four 360° steering wheels, the anti-tipping design ensures easy maneuverability and stability during operation.
• Versatile Cleaning Options: Equipped with a pro-style 17.5-inch steel wand and five quick-connect nozzles (0°, 15°, 25°, turbo, and soap applicator), you can tackle a wide range of cleaning tasks with precision.
• Convenient Onboard Storage: The 20 oz. onboard detergent tank allows for easy soap application, while the 25-foot high-pressure hose and cord wrap offer tidy storage.
• Durable & Reliable: Built with a robust pump and motor designed for longevity, the automatic total stop system conserves energy and prolongs the life of the unit.

Cons

• While powerful for its class, users seeking extremely high PSI for very demanding industrial cleaning or extensive concrete resurfacing might consider gas-powered alternatives.

For homeowners seeking a reliable and user-friendly electric pressure washer to deep clean outdoor surfaces, the Westinghouse ePX3500 is an outstanding choice. Its balance of power, portability, and thoughtful design makes it perfect for maintaining pristine patios, driveways, and decks.

2. Westinghouse ePX3100v Electric Pressure Washer, 2100 Max PSI 1.76 Max

Revitalize your outdoor spaces with the Westinghouse ePX3100v Electric Pressure Washer. This powerful yet compact cleaner tackles tough grime on surfaces like block paving, driveways, and decks, restoring their original beauty.

Experience efficient cleaning without the hassle of heavy equipment.

Delivering a robust 2100 max PSI and 76 max GPM, this electric power washer is designed for impressive cleaning performance. Its lightweight

6-pound design with an integrated handle ensures effortless maneuverability and convenient storage. The included detachable foam cannon enhances detergent application for deep cleaning tasks across various outdoor surfaces and vehicles.

Pros

• Powerful Cleaning Action: Achieves 2100 max PSI and 1.76 max GPM for effective removal of dirt, mold, and mildew from hard surfaces like concrete, brick, and patios, making it a top choice for cleaning block paving.
• Exceptional Portability: Weighing only 17.6 pounds with a built-in handle, this unit is incredibly easy to transport and store, perfect for homeowners needing a versatile cleaning solution for their entire property, from the driveway to the fence.
• Enhanced Cleaning Versatility: The detachable foam cannon allows for efficient detergent application, significantly boosting its capability for tackling stubborn stains on decks, garage floors, and automobiles, going beyond simple water rinsing for a deeper clean on your pavers.
• Durable Construction & Safety: Features a 25-foot hose and an auto-shutoff system that conserves energy and extends the life of the pump and motor by stopping when the trigger isn’t engaged, ensuring reliability for all your pressure washing needs on driveways and walkways.
• Peace of Mind: Backed by a 3-year limited service, labor, and parts coverage, with a nationwide customer support network for confidence in your purchase and ongoing assistance.

Cons

• While powerful for its size, extremely large or exceptionally tough, baked-on grime on very coarse surfaces might require more passes or a higher PSI unit, though it excels for typical residential use and maintaining clean paved surfaces.

The Westinghouse ePX3100v is an outstanding electric pressure washer for homeowners seeking effective cleaning power in a compact and user-friendly package. Ideal for regular maintenance of driveways, patios, and car washing, it offers a convenient and robust solution for keeping your home’s exterior immaculate.

3. Westinghouse WPX3000e Electric Pressure Washer, 3000 Max PSI and 1.76

Achieve a spotless clean with the Westinghouse WPX3000e Electric Pressure Washer, engineered to tackle tough grime on various surfaces. Delivering formidable cleaning power, this unit is an excellent choice for homeowners seeking a reliable tool for restoring their outdoor spaces and vehicles.

Equipped with a robust AC 120V electric motor and an auto-stop axial 3-piston pump, this pressure washer boasts up to 3000 Max PSI and 76 Max GPM, making it highly effective for cleaning decks, driveways, fences, and patio furniture. Its integrated

45-gallon soap tank simplifies detergent application for enhanced cleaning power.

Pros

• Exceptional Cleaning Power: Offers up to 3000 Max PSI and 1.76 Max GPM, effectively removing dirt, mold, and mildew from concrete, brickwork, and wood surfaces, making it ideal for block paving cleaning.
• Versatile Application: Comes with five quick-connect nozzles (0°, 15°, 25°, soap, and turbo), allowing you to precisely adjust the spray pattern for tasks ranging from delicate car washing to intensive patio cleaning.
• Durable and Maneuverable: Features a heavy-duty steel frame with large 10-inch never-flat wheels and a 25-foot super-flex hose, ensuring easy transport and maneuverability around your property.
• User-Friendly Operation: Includes a lightweight metal spray gun and wand, and a long 35-foot GFCI cord for safe and convenient operation. The M22 fittings ensure compatibility with a wide array of pressure washer accessories like surface cleaners.
• Reliable Performance: The maintenance-free axial pump and Westinghouse’s 3-year limited manufacturer warranty provide peace of mind and long-lasting service.

Cons

• While powerful, the 1.76 GPM is at its lowest pressure setting (600 PSI); the rated GPM is 1.1, which might be slower for extremely large cleaning jobs compared to gas-powered units.

The Westinghouse WPX3000e is a superior electric pressure washer for homeowners seeking a balance of power, portability, and ease of use for tasks like cleaning patios, driveways, and outdoor furniture. Its comprehensive nozzle set and durable construction make it a strong contender for best pressure washer for block paving needs.

4. 14″ Pressure Washer Surface Cleaner with 4 Wheels – Stainless

Transform your outdoor cleaning routine with the Lidodola 14 Pressure Washer Surface Cleaner, designed for superior performance on driveways, patios, and decks. Achieve a professional-grade clean effortlessly, tackling tough grime and restoring surfaces to their former glory with its innovative dual-spinning nozzle system.

Engineered for efficiency and durability, this 14-inch stainless steel cleaner integrates seamlessly with most gas and electric pressure washers (2,000-4,000 PSI). Its robust construction, weighted base, and splash-free skirt ensure stable operation and minimize overspray, making it an ideal tool for maintaining pristine outdoor living spaces and enhancing curb appeal.

Pros

• Achieve a comprehensive clean over a 14″ swath with powerful dual spinning nozzles, effectively removing dirt, mildew, and stubborn stains from concrete, asphalt, and paving stones without leaving streaks.
• Experience stable, easy maneuvering thanks to the four universal wheels and a weighted base, allowing for a consistent cleaning height and effortless navigation across large flat surfaces like driveways and patios – perfect for pressure washing block paving.
• Benefit from long-lasting performance with the premium stainless-steel construction and heavy-duty bearing, ensuring reliability for frequent use on various outdoor surfaces including decks, sidewalks, and pathways.

Cons

• The fixed height of the nozzle may require hand-cleaning in tight corners or around intricate landscaping features where the 14″ cleaning path cannot reach.

This Lidodola surface cleaner accessory is an excellent upgrade for homeowners looking to efficiently maintain their property’s exterior surfaces. It’s particularly well-suited for those searching for the best pressure washer attachment for block paving or seeking a faster, more effective way to clean large areas of concrete and other hardscapes.

5. Sun Joe Pressure Washer, Electric Power Washer, Heavy-Duty 2500 Max

Achieve a spotless finish on your outdoor surfaces with the Sun Joe SPX3000, a heavy-duty electric pressure washer designed to tackle the toughest cleaning challenges. Experience unparalleled power and versatility for your home, driveway, and vehicles, making every cleaning task more efficient and effective.

This robust power washer delivers a formidable 2500 Max PSI and 2 GPM water flow, effectively blasting away stubborn dirt, grime, and buildup. Its dual detergent tank system allows for convenient switching between cleaning agents, optimizing your approach for various surfaces.

The Sun Joe SPX3000 is your ideal partner for maintaining driveways, patios, and even RVs.

Pros

• Powerful Cleaning Action: With 2500 Max PSI and 1.2 GPM, it efficiently removes dirt, grime, and even oil stains from concrete driveways, decks, and patios. Perfect for pressure washing block paving stones.
• Versatile Spray Options: Five quick-connect spray tips (0°, 15°, 25°, 40°, and soap) provide adaptable cleaning for everything from delicate surfaces to stubborn buildup, ensuring optimal results for different cleaning jobs.
• Efficient Detergent Application: The dual onboard 0.9L detergent tanks allow for easy switching between different cleaning solutions, enhancing performance for tasks like washing cars or cleaning garden furniture.
• Durable Construction: The 34-inch stainless steel spray lance and brass fittings, coupled with a 20-foot high-pressure hose, ensure longevity and reliable performance for routine outdoor maintenance and deep cleaning projects.

Cons

• While powerful, it may require multiple passes on extremely caked-on grime compared to some gas-powered alternatives, particularly on older, heavily stained areas.

The Sun Joe SPX3000 electric pressure washer stands out as a top-tier choice for homeowners seeking a powerful yet user-friendly solution for their cleaning needs. Its combination of strength, adjustability, and intelligent design makes it an excellent investment for maintaining the aesthetic appeal and cleanliness of your property, especially for detailed work like cleaning block paving.

6. Westinghouse Universal 16.5” Pressure Washer Surface Cleaner Attachment – Stainless

Transform your exterior cleaning routine with the Westinghouse Universal Surface Cleaner Attachment. Achieve a spotless finish on your flat surfaces, from driveways to patios, with professional-grade power and efficiency, making tough cleaning jobs remarkably easier.

This 5-inch stainless steel cleaner is engineered to handle up to 4400 PSI, ideal for tackling grime on decks, concrete, and more.

Its 1/4 quick-connect fitting ensures universal compatibility with most gas and electric pressure washers, simplifying attachment and use for homeowners and professionals alike.

Pros

• Efficient Flat Surface Cleaning: The expansive 16.5” cleaning path, combined with high pressure capabilities (up to 4400 PSI), effectively cleans wide areas like patios, driveways, and walls in a fraction of the time, reducing scrubbing effort.
• Universal Compatibility: Featuring a standard 1/4″ quick-connect fitting, this attachment seamlessly integrates with a broad range of gas and electric pressure washers, offering flexibility and avoiding the need for specific brands.
• Durable and User-Friendly Design: Constructed from robust stainless steel, this surface cleaner is built for longevity and easy handling. Its intuitive design allows anyone to achieve superior results without extensive experience.
• Versatile Applications: This attachment is perfect for a variety of exterior cleaning tasks beyond just block paving, including deck cleaning, patio restoration, driveway washing, and wall surfaces, making it a comprehensive cleaning solution.

Cons

• Hose Length Restriction: While the cleaner itself is robust, its effectiveness is dependent on the connected pressure washer’s hose length, which is not included and may require purchasing an extension for larger areas.

The Westinghouse Universal Surface Cleaner Attachment is an excellent investment for anyone seeking to enhance their pressure washing capabilities for outdoor maintenance. Its ability to deliver consistent, streak-free results makes it an ideal tool for keeping your concrete, wood, and other flat surfaces looking their best.

7. Westinghouse ePX3050 Electric Pressure Washer, 2100 Max PSI 1.76 Max

Tired of stubborn grime on your block paving? The Westinghouse ePX3050 Electric Pressure Washer delivers the cleaning power you need to restore your driveways, patios, and more.

With its robust motor and user-friendly design, achieving a spotless finish has never been easier for homeowners tackling tough outdoor cleaning tasks.

This powerful electric washer boasts 2100 max PSI and 76 max GPM, effectively removing dirt, oil stains, and moss from surfaces like decks, sidewalks, siding, and vehicles. Its durable AC motor and maintenance-free axial pump ensure reliable performance, while the auto-stop feature conserves energy and prolongs component life.

Enjoy hassle-free operation with its compact profile, never-flat wheels, and a generous 35-foot GFCI cord for extended reach.

Pros

• Powerful Cleaning for Tough Surfaces: Effortlessly cleans block paving, driveways, patios, and other hardscapes with 2100 max PSI, tackling embedded dirt and grime effectively.
• User-Friendly and Maneuverable: Designed for ease of use with a low 26″ profile, 5″ never-flat wheels, and a lightweight spray gun, making it simple to transport and operate around your property.
• Complete Cleaning Kit Included: Comes ready for action with a 20-foot super flex hose, high-pressure spray gun, wand, and three quick-connect nozzles (15°, 25°, turbo) for versatile cleaning applications.
• Durable and Low Maintenance: Features a robust AC electric motor and a maintenance-free axial pump with auto-stop technology for long-lasting, reliable pressure washing.
• Accessory Ready: Compatible with a wide range of pressure washer attachments like surface cleaners and foam cannons via standard M22 fittings, expanding its cleaning capabilities.

Cons

• PSI might be limiting for extremely heavy-duty commercial use: While excellent for residential tasks and pavers, users requiring exceptionally high pressure for industrial-level cleaning might find it less suited.

The Westinghouse ePX3050 electric pressure washer is an excellent choice for homeowners seeking a powerful yet easy-to-use solution for their outdoor cleaning needs, particularly for maintaining the appearance of block paving and other exterior surfaces. Its combination of performance, portability, and included accessories makes it a valuable addition to any home maintenance arsenal.

8. Westinghouse WPX3400 Gas Pressure Washer, 3400 PSI and 2.6 GPM,

Tackle tough cleaning jobs with unparalleled power and efficiency. The Westinghouse WPX3400 gas-powered pressure washer delivers a formidable 3400 PSI and 6 GPM, making it the ideal solution for restoring the beauty of your outdoor spaces, from grimy patios to dull driveways.

Engineered with a robust 212cc Westinghouse OHV engine and a durable axial cam pump, this machine offers consistent, high-performance cleaning. Its user-friendly design includes a large fuel tank, an integrated soap dispenser, and a versatile set of nozzles, ensuring you have the right tool for any surface.

Pros

• Superior Cleaning Power: At 3400 PSI and 2.6 GPM, it effectively blasts away dirt, grime, mold, and mildew from hard surfaces like concrete, brick, and stone – a top-tier option for removing stubborn stains from driveways and garden paths.
• Versatile Application: Comes equipped with five quick-connect nozzles (0°, 15°, 25°, 40°, and soap) to handle a wide range of cleaning tasks, including refreshing decks, cleaning sidewalks, washing exterior siding, and detailing vehicles.
• Durable and Portable Design: Features a rugged steel frame and 12-inch never-flat wheels, making it easy to maneuver across varied terrains. The lightweight, high-pressure spray gun and 25-foot hose offer excellent reach and comfort during extended use.
• Convenient Features: Includes a 1-gallon fuel tank for extended operation and a half-gallon onboard soap tank for easy detergent application, minimizing refills and interruptions.
• Reliable Engine and Pump: The heavy-duty 212cc 4-stroke Westinghouse engine paired with a maintenance-free axial cam pump ensures long-lasting performance and reliability for all your outdoor cleaning projects.

Cons

• While effective for most homeowner needs, professional-grade continuous use might require a unit with a higher GPM rating for extremely large-scale operations.

The Westinghouse WPX3400 stands out as an exceptional choice for homeowners seeking a powerful and reliable pressure washer. It’s particularly well-suited for maintaining the pristine condition of outdoor surfaces like block paving, driveways, and patios, offering significant value and performance for its class.

9. Greenworks Pro Brushless 3000 PSI (CSA Certified) 2.0 GPM Max

Unleash unparalleled cleaning power for your outdoor spaces with the Greenworks Pro Brushless 3000 PSI pressure washer. Engineered for demanding tasks like tackling stubborn grime on driveways and patios, this electric powerhouse effortlessly restores surfaces to their pristine glory. Experience a new level of performance and convenience for your tough cleaning projects.

Boasting a robust 14 Amp TruBrushless motor, this unit delivers a formidable 3000 PSI and 0 GPM for exceptional cleaning efficiency, validated by independent lab testing. With a maximum cleaning unit rating of 3300 C.

With a maximum cleaning unit rating of 3300 C.U. and a 104°F inlet water temperature capacity, it’s built for superior performance, ideal for effective power washing of hard surfaces and decks.

Pros

• The powerful TruBrushless motor provides 3000 PSI and 2.0 GPM, ensuring deep cleaning for even the most entrenched dirt and grime on surfaces like block paving, concrete, and wood decks.
• Equipped with JETTFLOW TECHNOLOGY, this pressure washer achieves up to 50% more flow, allowing for faster rinsing and the ability to reach higher areas without needing as much repositioning, significantly speeding up your cleaning routine.
• A comprehensive accessory kit featuring a durable metal gun, a 25-ft kink-resistant Uberflex hose, 15°, 25°, and 40° spray tips, and dedicated soap and turbo nozzles offers versatility for a wide range of cleaning applications, from delicate surfaces to heavy-duty scrubbing.
• CSA certification guarantees that the pressure and flow rate claims are independently verified, offering peace of mind and assurance of the promised cleaning capability for tasks ranging from patio cleaning to car washing.

Cons

• Weighing 23 kilograms, its substantial weight may require some effort to move around larger properties, although its wheeled design aids in portability.

The Greenworks Pro Brushless pressure washer stands out as an exceptional choice for homeowners seeking professional-grade cleaning power. Its robust construction, advanced motor technology, and versatile accessories make it an invaluable tool for maintaining the beauty and cleanliness of your exterior surfaces, particularly those requiring effective pressure washing for block paving.

10. Greenworks 12″ (in.) Surface Cleaner Pressure Washer Attachment

Effortlessly achieve pristine outdoor surfaces with the Greenworks 12-inch Surface Cleaner. Designed to tackle tough grime on your pathways and patio, this attachment transforms your pressure washing experience. Say goodbye to endless scrubbing and hello to uniformly clean surfaces, making it a top choice for those seeking the best pressure washer for block paving and similar hardscapes.

Say goodbye to endless scrubbing and hello to uniformly clean surfaces, making it a top choice for those seeking the best pressure washer for block paving and similar hardscapes.

Experience efficient and professional cleaning with this versatile surface cleaner attachment. Its 12-inch cleaning width covers more ground per pass, ideal for driveways, sidewalks, patios, and decks.

Pros

• Expansive Cleaning Area: The generous 12-inch cleaning diameter efficiently tackles a wide range of outdoor surfaces like driveways, patios, and decks, reducing cleaning time significantly.
• Universal Compatibility: Featuring a 1/4-inch quick connect, this attachment easily integrates with the majority of electric and gas pressure washers, offering broad usability without special adapters.
• Durable & Reliable: Backed by a 3-year warranty, you can trust the Greenworks Surface Cleaner for consistent performance and long-term durability for all your cleaning projects.

Cons

• While effective on most surfaces, it may not reach deep into heavily embedded weeds or moss that might exist between paving stones.

Invest in a cleaner, more attractive outdoor space with the Greenworks 12 Surface Cleaner. Its robust design and user-friendly features make it an excellent addition for anyone looking to maintain their hardscapes like block paving, concrete driveways, and stone patios effectively and efficiently.

Your Guide to the Best Pressure Washer for Block Paving

Power and performance levels

The forces involved in removing stubborn dirt and grime from driveway surfaces are primarily dictated by the unit’s output capabilities.

Understanding these metrics is paramount, as insufficient power will leave your surfaces streaky and require excessive effort, while excessive force, especially with the wrong attachment, can damage the mortar or even the paving stones themselves. Look for a balance between PSI (pounds per square inch), which measures the force of the water spray, and GPM (gallons per minute), indicating the volume of water delivered. For block paving, a PSI range of 1500-2000 is generally effective, paired with a GPM of at least

For block paving, a PSI range of 1500-2000 is generally effective, paired with a GPM of at least

When deciding between an electric and gas-powered washer, gas models typically offer higher PSI and GPM for more demanding tasks and larger areas, though electric units are often lighter, quieter, and more maneuverable for moderate jobs. The correct nozzle is also critical; a 25-degree nozzle is a good starting point for general patio cleaning, while wider angle nozzles (40-degree) are gentler, and narrower ones (0-degree or turbo) should be used with extreme caution. Furthermore, the motor’s durability, whether brushed or brushless, directly correlates with the longevity and consistent performance of the machine, ensuring it can handle repeated use on tough outdoor surfaces like driveways and patios.

Water pressure and flow control

Achieving optimal cleaning for your patio and pathways hinges on nuanced control over water’s force and volume.

The wrong intensity can cause significant damage to block paving, dislodging the blocks themselves or eroding the grout between them. Conversely, insufficient pressure will leave stubborn dirt and grime stubbornly in place. Therefore, the ability to regulate water output is paramount to both effective cleaning and preserving the integrity of your surfaces.

Therefore, the ability to regulate water output is paramount to both effective cleaning and preserving the integrity of your surfaces.

Look for tools offering adjustable pressure settings, allowing you to dial down the force for more delicate areas or when dealing with older, more fragile blocks. Consistent water delivery is just as vital, ensuring an even clean without pulsating surges that can lead to an uneven finish. Advanced features like autostop, which halts the motor when the trigger isn’t engaged, conserve energy and prolong pump life.

Advanced features like autostop, which halts the motor when the trigger isn’t engaged, conserve energy and prolong pump life. Variable pressure nozzles or wands provide immediate on-the-fly adjustments, preventing overpressurization and ensuring your block paving remains intact and looking its best after every use.

Quick Best Pressure Washer For Block Paving Buying Checklist

• Adequate PSI/GPM: Ensure the pressure washer has enough power without being excessive for block paving.
• Adjustable Pressure Settings: Look for models with variable pressure control to protect your paving.
• Appropriate Nozzle Selection: Choose wide-angle or specialized nozzles for gentle, effective cleaning.
• Durable Construction: Opt for a robust build that can withstand regular outdoor use.
• Ease of Maneuverability: Consider weight and wheel design for effortless movement around your driveway.
• Hose Length and Storage: Ensure the hose is long enough for your needs and that storage is convenient.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Psi Is Best For Cleaning Block Paving?

For block paving, a pressure washer with 1300-1900 PSI is generally recommended to clean effectively without causing damage.

Should I Use A Specific Nozzle For Block Paving?

Yes, a 25-degree or 40-degree fan nozzle is typically best for block paving to distribute pressure evenly and avoid damage.

Can A Pressure Washer Remove Weeds From Block Paving?

Yes, the high-pressure water can dislodge weeds and moss growing between block paving stones.

How Do I Prevent Damage To Block Paving When Pressure Washing?

Always start with the lowest pressure setting, use a wider fan nozzle, maintain a consistent distance, and avoid prolonged direct spraying on one spot.

Is Electric Or Gas Better For Block Paving?

Electric pressure washers are often sufficient and quieter for block paving, while gas models offer more power for tougher jobs if needed.

Final Words

Investing in the best pressure washer for block paving will transform your outdoor spaces. Achieving a pristine, weed-free driveway is now within reach with the right tools.